Running Costs
EV Cost Per Km Calculator
Calculate exact unit electricity expense per kilometer and per 100 km.
Primary Metric: Cost Per Kilometer
Range & Performance Deterministic Model v1.2
EV Range Calculator
Estimate real-world driving range from usable battery capacity and consumption.
Battery & Consumption Parameters
Estimate real-world driving range Estimated Driving Range 370.5 km 230.2 miles
Gross Pack Capacity: 60.00 kWh
Net Usable Capacity: 57.00 kWh
Normalized Efficiency: 6.50 km/kWh
Real-world highway driving at 100+ km/h will typically deliver 15%–20% less range than urban stop-and-go driving with regenerative braking.
Mathematical Formula & Physical Model
Multiplies usable traction pack capacity by the vehicle consumption efficiency metric.
1
Usable Battery Capacity (kWh) = Gross Capacity (kWh) × (Usable Buffer% / 100) 2
Estimated Range (km) = Usable Battery Capacity (kWh) × Efficiency (km/kWh) 3
Estimated Range (miles) = Estimated Range (km) × 0.621371 Worked Example
Reference Benchmark60 kWh Long-Range Crossover
A 60 kWh gross pack (95% net usable buffer) operating at an efficiency of 6.5 km/kWh.
Gross Battery Capacity 60 kWh
Usable Buffer 95%
Vehicle Efficiency 6.5 km/kWh
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the difference between gross and net usable battery capacity?
Gross capacity is the physical total capacity of all cells combined. Net (usable) capacity is the software-accessible portion, with safety buffers reserved at top and bottom to ensure cell longevity.
Why does official WLTP / ARAI range differ from real-world range?
Standardized test cycles are conducted in controlled lab conditions without headwinds, aggressive acceleration, high-speed aerodynamic drag, or heavy climate control usage.